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Complete guide to international organizations covering UN, OIC, SAARC, SCO, NATO, WTO, and other key bodies with founding dates, headquarters, members, Pakistan's role, and frequently tested MCQ facts.
Questions on international organizations appear in every competitive exam - CSS, PMS, PPSC, FPSC, and all provincial commissions. From the United Nations to regional bodies like SAARC and SCO, this guide covers every organization you need to know with key facts, headquarters, members, and Pakistan's role.
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Founded | 24 October 1945 (UN Day) |
| Charter Signed | 26 June 1945, San Francisco |
| Headquarters | New York City |
| Members | 193 member states |
| Official Languages | 6: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic |
| Secretary General | Antonio Guterres (since 2017, Portugal) |
| Pakistan Joined | 30 September 1947 |
| Organ | Function | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| General Assembly | Main deliberative body, all 193 members | One country, one vote; meets September annually |
| Security Council | Peace and security, binding resolutions | 5 permanent + 10 non-permanent members |
| ECOSOC | Economic and social coordination | 54 members, elected by General Assembly |
| ICJ (International Court of Justice) | Judicial organ | 15 judges, The Hague, Netherlands |
| Secretariat | Administrative | Headed by Secretary General |
| Trusteeship Council | Supervised trust territories | Suspended 1994 (all territories independent) |
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Permanent Members (P5) | USA, UK, France, Russia, China |
| Veto Power | Any P5 member can block resolutions |
| Non-Permanent Members | 10, elected for 2-year terms |
| Pakistan's UNSC Membership | 7 times (most recently 2012-13) |
| Agency | Full Name | HQ | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| WHO | World Health Organization | Geneva | Global health |
| UNESCO | UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Org | Paris | Education, heritage |
| UNICEF | UN Children's Fund | New York | Children's welfare |
| WFP | World Food Programme | Rome | Hunger and food aid |
| UNHCR | UN High Commissioner for Refugees | Geneva | Refugee protection |
| ILO | International Labour Organization | Geneva | Labor standards |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization | Rome | Food security |
| IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency | Vienna | Nuclear energy and safety |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund | Washington D.C. | Financial stability |
| World Bank | International Bank for Reconstruction | Washington D.C. | Development financing |
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Founded | 25 September 1969 |
| Headquarters | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| Members | 57 member states |
| Secretary General | Hissein Brahim Taha (Chad, since 2021) |
| Trigger for Formation | Arson attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem (1969) |
| Pakistan's Role | Founding member, hosted 2nd OIC summit in Lahore (1974) |
| Charter Adopted | 2008 (revised charter) |
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Founded | 8 December 1985 |
| Headquarters | Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Members | 8: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan |
| Founder | Proposed by Bangladesh President Ziaur Rahman |
| Charter | Signed at 1st Summit in Dhaka, 1985 |
| Last Summit | 2014 in Kathmandu (18th Summit) |
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Founded | 15 June 2001 |
| Headquarters | Beijing, China |
| Members | 10: China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Belarus |
| Pakistan Joined | June 2017 (full member) |
| Origin | Evolved from "Shanghai Five" (1996) |
| Organization | Founded | HQ | Members | Pakistan's Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WTO | 1995 | Geneva | 164 members | Member since 1995 |
| G20 | 1999 | Rotates | 20 major economies | Not a member |
| BRICS | 2009 | Rotates | 10 members (expanded 2024) | Not a member (has expressed interest) |
| D-8 | 1997 | Istanbul | 8 developing Muslim nations | Founding member |
| ECO | 1985 | Tehran | 10 members | Founding member |
| OPEC | 1960 | Vienna | 13 oil exporters | Not a member |
| Organization | Founded | HQ | Members | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NATO | 1949 | Brussels | 32 members | US-led military alliance, Pakistan not a member |
| CSTO | 2002 | Moscow | 6 members | Russia-led military alliance |
| QUAD | 2007 | No fixed HQ | USA, India, Japan, Australia | Indo-Pacific security grouping |
| AUKUS | 2021 | No fixed HQ | Australia, UK, USA | Nuclear submarine deal |
| Five Eyes | 1941 | No fixed HQ | USA, UK, Canada, Australia, NZ | Intelligence sharing alliance |
| Organization | Founded | HQ | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASEAN | 1967 | Jakarta | 10 Southeast Asian nations |
| African Union | 2001 | Addis Ababa | 55 African states |
| EU | 1993 | Brussels | 27 European states, economic and political union |
| Arab League | 1945 | Cairo | 22 Arab states |
| Commonwealth | 1931 | London | 56 nations, mostly former British colonies, Pakistan rejoined in 2004 |
| NAM | 1961 | No fixed HQ | 120 members, non-aligned during Cold War |
Pakistan is an active member of numerous international organizations:
Test your knowledge with interactive MCQs from actual CSS and PMS exam papers.
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